• fundamental concepts: interpreting and the interpreter, compilation and the compiler, language
elements, lexis, syntax and semantics, Python keywords, instructions, indenting
• literals: Boolean, integer, floating-point numbers, scientific notation, strings
• comments
• the print() function
• the input() function
• numeral systems (binary, octal, decimal, hexadecimal)
• numeric operators: ** * / % // + –
• string operators: * +
• assignments and shortcut operators

• operators: unary and binary, priorities and binding
• Boolean operators: not and or
• Boolean expressions
• relational operators ( == != > >= < <= ), building complex Boolean expressions
• accuracy of floating-point numbers
• basic input and output operations using the input(), print(), int(), float(), str(), len() functions
• formatting print() output with end= and sep= arguments
• type casting
• basic calculations
• simple strings: constructing, assigning, indexing, slicing comparing, immutability

• conditional statements: if, if-else, if-elif, if-elif-else
• multiple conditional statements
• the pass instruction
• building loops: while, for, range(), in
• iterating through sequences
• expanding loops: while-else, for-else
• nesting loops and conditional statements
• controlling loop execution: break, continue

• simple lists: constructing vectors, indexing and slicing, the len() function
• lists in detail: indexing, slicing, basic methods (append(), insert(), index()) and functions (len(),
sorted(), etc.), del instruction, iterating lists with the for loop, initializing, in and not in operators,
list comprehension, copying and cloning
• lists in lists: matrices and cubes
• tuples: indexing, slicing, building, immutability
• tuples vs. lists: similarities and differences, lists inside tuples and tuples inside lists
• dictionaries: building, indexing, adding and removing keys, iterating through dictionaries as well
as their keys and values, checking key existence, keys(), items() and values() methods
• strings in detail: ASCII, UNICODE, UTF-8, immutability, escaping using the \ character, quotes
and apostrophes inside strings, multiline strings, copying vs. cloning, advanced slicing, string vs

string, string vs. non-string, basic string methods (upper(), lower(), isxxx(), capitalize(), split(),
join(), etc.) and functions (len(), chr(), ord()), escape characters

• defining and invoking your own functions and generators
• return and yield keywords, returning results,
• the None keyword,
• recursion
• parameters vs. arguments,
• positional keyword and mixed argument passing,
• default parameter values
• converting generator objects into lists using the list() function
• name scopes, name hiding (shadowing), the global keyword

• lambda functions
• First class objects and higher order functions
• map and filter functions
• functools and reduce functions
• Recursive functions

• Python modules and module namespace
• import and from … import
• Python module path and PYTHONPATH
• dir() and help() functions
• Python packages and init .py file

• Introduction to files
• File objects and modes
• Opening and closing files
• Read and write operations
• Context manager – with

• Directories and file path
• os module
• Making, changing and deleting directories
• Listing directory and navigating file systems
• Data compression and decompression with zipfile module

• Working with CSV (comma separated value) files
• Using pandas module to read excel and csv data
• pickle module, pickling and unpickling
• Introduction to web scraping
• Web scraping with urllib and BeautifulSoup Section 11: XML and JSON parsing
• What are xml files?
• Making XML files with custom tags
• XML parsing with etree
• What is JSON?
• Use of JSON in RestAPI
• JSON parsing – dump and load methods

• What are error and exceptions?
• How exceptions are caused?
• Decoding the Traceback message
• Handling exceptions with – try, except, raise and assert
• Causing exceptions with – raise and assert
• Creating your own exception class

• Introduction to logging module
• logging levels
• logging configuration

• Introduction to re module
• Special characters for pattern making
• re functions and flags
• String matching and pattern filtering
• Greedy and non-greedy match
• Expressions using operators and symbols
• Simple character matches
• Special characters
• Mobile number extraction
• Mail extraction
• Different Mail ID patterns
• Data extraction
• Password extraction
• URL extraction
• Vehicle number extraction
• Case study

• Introduction to SQL database
• Common SQL query
• Connecting with sqlite3 database and making cursor object
• CREATE, INSERT, SELECT, UPDATE and DROP query
• commit and rollback mechanisms

• Introduction to object oriented programming
• Class variables and instance variables
• Use of self and init ()
• Class attributes
• Best practices in object oriented programming – pylint Section 17: OOPs concepts
• Object oriented programming techniques in python
• Inheritance and types of inheritance
• Overriding and overriding rules
• Method overloading or polymorphism
• Operator overloading

• Introduction
• Multi tasking v/s Multi threading
• Threading module
• Creating thread – inheriting Thread class , Using callable object
• Life cycle of thread
• Need to start() method
• Sleep()
• Join()
• Synchronization – Lock class – acquire(), release() functions