• Why C in Embedded
• ANSI Standard
• Fundamentals of C
• Datatypes and Constants
• Simple & Formatted I/O
• Memory Usage
• Operators & Expressions
• Flow Control
• Loops

Functions

• Role of Functions
• Pass by value / reference
• Returning values from Functions
• Recursive Functions
• Call Back Functions
• Implications on Stack
• Library Vs User defined function
• Passing variable number of arguments Arrays
• Defining, initializing and using arrays
• Multi Dimensional 

Arrays

• Arrays of Characters and Strings
• Arrays and Pointers
• Passing arrays to functions
• String handling with and without library functions 

Storage Classes

• Scope and Life
• Automatic, Static, External, Register
• Memory (CPU / RAM) 

Structures & Unions

• What structures are for
• Declaration, initialization
• Accessing like objects
• Nested Structures
• Array of Structures
• Passing structures through functions
• Allocation of memory and holes
• Structure Comparison
• Structure bit operation
• Typedef for portability
• Unions
• Overlapping members 

Enumerated data types

• Enum, Indexing, enum Vs #define 

Bit Operations

• AND (&), OR ( | ), XOR (^)
• Compliment (~)
• Left-Shift (<<), Right Shift (>>)
• Masking, Setting, Clearing and Testing of Bit / Bits 

Pointers

• The purpose of pointers
• Defining pointers
• The & and * operators
• Pointer Assignment
• Pointer Arithmetic
• Multiple indirections
• Advanced pointer types
• Generic and Null Pointer
• Function Pointers
• Pointers to Arrays and Strings
• Array of Pointers
• Pointers to Structure and Union
• Pointers to Dynamic memory
• Far, Near and Huge Pointers
• Pointer Type Casting 

Command line Arguments

• Argc, argv
• Variable Inputs to the main 

Compiler in Practical

• Preprocessor Directives
• Compiler, Assembler, Linker
• Conditional Compilation
• Multiple File Compilation
• Code Optimization techniques
• Volatile, #pragma 

Data Structures

• Stacks & Queues(Important topic to give more focus) Mini Project 1

Embedded Systems – Microcontrollers: 3 Days

• Ardiuno Intro
• Programming in the Arduino Environment
• Program Design
• Microcontroller Architecture
• Intro to Assembly
• AVR Architecture
• VMLAB
• Address Modes
• Memory
• Conditionals and Branches
• Function Calls
• Logic Operations
• Timers/Interrupts

ADC and Other Features

Requirements for C++ in an Embedded System

• Embedded system characteristics 
• Language choice 
• Memory mapped peripherals 
• Volatile variables 
• Compilation 
• System boot-up 
• Best Practices

Summary of C

• A refresher on basic C syntax 
• Functions 
• Control flow 
• Fundamental types 
• Literals 
• Derived types 
• Operators 
• Standard libraries

From C to C++ and C++11

• The features added to C by C++ and the ANSI C-1999 standard 
• inline 
• const 
• Enhanced enumerations 
• constant expressions 
• auto 
• Overview of I/O streams 
• Function prototypes
• Pass-by-reference 
• Default arguments 
• Function and operator overloading 
• String class

Linkage and Storage

• Learn some tricky features often overlooked in C, but necessary for C++ 
• Scope 
• Linkage 
• Linking C and C++ 
• Namespaces
• Static, automatic and dynamic storage 
• new and delete
• Placement new 
• Arrays and Pointers 
• Vectors

C++ Development Environments for Embedded Systems

• Compiler Optimization 
• Object files 
• Linkers and linker files 
• Loader 
• Makefiles 
• Integrated development environments 
• Debuggers 
• In-circuit emulation 
• Debug with Simulator / Emulator

Classes and Objects

• Introduction to modeling and abstraction 
• Information hiding 
• Abstract data types 
• Classes and objects 
• Public and private class members 
• Member functions 
• Scope resolution 
• this pointer

Constructors

• How to ensure that objects are properly initialized, and how to tidy up afterwards 
• Constructors 
• Destructors 
• Delegating constructors 
• Copy constructors 
• Pointers and objects 
• Move semantics

Members and Friends

• More features of C++ classes 
• Friends 
• Operator overloading 
• Overloading assignment 
• Move assignment 
• Memory fragmentation 
• Working with memory pools 
• Static members
• Constant objects and members

Object-Oriented Mode ling and The UML

• Learn the principles of object-oriented design 
• Class relationships 
• The Unified Modeling Language 
• Class and object diagrams 
• Association 

• Composition 
• Dependency 
• Implementing class relationships in C++ 
• Initialization of class members 
• Singleton class 
• Design Patterns

Inheritance

• Derived classes 
• Inheritance 
• Protected members 

• Casting pointers 
• Order of initialization

Virtual Functions

• Inheriting common behavior 
• Overriding methods 
• Virtual functions 

• Polymorphism 
• Late binding 
• Virtual destructors 
• Vtable 
• Cost of virtual functions 
• Abstract base classes and pure virtual functions 
• Interface classes

Further C++ Features

• User-defined conversions 
• Explicit functions 
• Defaulted and deleted behavior 

• Run-Time Type Identification 
• Type casts 
• Nested classes 
• Multiple Inheritance 
• Pointer-to-member
• Function
• wrapper

Templates

• Function templates 
• Class templates 
• Template arguments 
• Template specialization 

• Dependent name and type lookup 
• Avoiding code bloat

Standard Libraries

• Summary of the standard C and C++ libraries 
• Container classes 
• Container adapters 
• Creating and accessing containers 

• Initializer lists 
• Custom allocators 
• std::array 
• Other C++11 Enhancements 
• Iterators 
• range-for loop

Defensive Programming

• Coding standards 
• Code analysis 
• Compile-time assertions 
• Run-time errors 

• Throwing and catching exceptions 
• Handlers 
• Standard exception classes 
• Preventing memory leakage 
• unique_ptr 
• Exception specification 
• Exceptions in Embedded Systems

Principles of Real-time Operating Systems

• Concurrency 
• Tasks and task switching 
• FreeRTOS 
• Creating and running tasks 
• Synchronisation 
• Process scheduling and pre-emption 
• Priority inversion 
• Mutex, Semaphore and Queue 
• Use of semaphores with interrupts 
• RTOS services

Standard Library Algorithms

• Predicates 
• Function Objects 
• Bind 
• Lambda Functions 
• Filling a container 
• Non- modifying operations 
• transform 
• Searching 
• Sorting 
• Summary of the standard algorithms